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The ancient Egyptians and the Sumerians shared many traits, but also different, despite the fact that emerging around the same year. The Egyptians, religiously optimistic people, set up a government bureaucracy that ultimately reflected the social system. Mesopotamia, where life is not considered optimistic, a different social system led to a decentralized political system. Evidence shows, however, that both societies are reliable in the afterlife, has created a special structure and writing stood out significantly in the field of arts and sciences.
Mesopotamia, unfortunately, there was no seasonal flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, forcing them to create an organized system of agriculture. That would explain the negative view of the afterlife and the general mood of the gods. Egypt, he stood along the fertile soil of the Nile valley, which is familiar in the flood. This allowed the Egyptians that the universe is organized and useful. So sacred is the afterlife that believed in preserving the body in death the way to the afterlife in the process of mummification. The Sumerians, afraid to disappoint the gods thought that their purpose was to serve the gods, and so religion played a greater role in government. Priests, for example, is much more prominent than in Egypt. No matter the situation, both civilizations flourished in the area of agriculture.
Both communities were divided into three groups on the social system. King Hammurabi laws declared these three groups: the free holders that royalty, priests and officials; The dependent farmers and artisans; and the servant class, who usually prisoners of war. Temple leaders were held together with royalties Lugal controlled large estates (the king). While the male dominance existed, women have no rights in Mesopotamia. They could own land and businesses and this trade, but raising children was beneficial. Women finally lost society is the spread of agriculture and the rise of the middle class. Egypt’s social class was less pronounced: still king and the princes; The lower level officials, priests, farmers, and professionals; and peasants at the bottom. The peasant class out much of the agricultural work, since slavery was limited. Obesity, like many ancient civilizations, was a sign of wealth and status. Women’s subordination to men is evident in Egypt. One female was little more right. This included ownership of property, inheritance and the ability to will property to anyone.
The king eventually some sort of ruled both Egypt and Mesopotamia. Egyptians were governed by a bureaucracy in which the Pharaoh was the supreme ruler, and the designated officials. The officials chosen by merit, not the heritage of Mesopotamia. The Pharaoh was considered a god on earth, gave the responsibility to ensure the well-being and prosperity. The palace is in control of long-distance trade, and taxes that build-up to, and the army. Priests, on the other hand, does not play a big role in politics in Mesopotamia. The two centers of power in Mesopotamia were in the temple and the palace of the king. The church and the palace usually in the center and surrounded by farmland, known as the city state. They developed independent city-states and distributed among themselves. The theocratic kingdom called Lugal and was responsible for property rights, defense, and law. Little different, Egypt, the Lugal only the representative or intermediary of the gods.
Based on ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia their economy on agriculture. It’s tedious work demanded a more productive work, hopefully with improvements in technology. Both societies are in the process used by irrigation canals and dams. Stone tools most commonly used with a bronze. Egypt skillfully used the simple machines such as levers and pulleys to build magnificent monuments. Mesopotamians facilitated the creation of pottery on the potter’s wheel. The key innovation was the typical structure of the two writing civilization. The Sumerians cuneiform- preferred method for creating a wedge-shaped signs reeds. Fortunately, the discovery of the Rosetta stone, can be interpreted in a multitude of hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians.
Despite being isolated, both civilizations managed to adhere to the basic structure of human nature and use of the indicators of a civilization. It was the unique properties that make up the classes in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt.
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Source by Max Walker Jr.